Research Database

Comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed studies on red & NIR light therapy

Light Therapy Glossary

Key terms to understand photobiomodulation therapy.

Photobiomodulation (PBM)

The scientific term for light therapy that uses red and near-infrared wavelengths to stimulate cellular function, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP energy. Mitochondria are the primary target of red light therapy, absorbing photons through cytochrome c oxidase.

Wavelength

Measured in nanometers (nm), wavelength determines the colour of light and how deeply it penetrates tissue. Photizo devices use 633nm red light, which is clinically recognised for pain relief and tissue repair.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in cells. Light therapy increases ATP production, giving cells more fuel for repair, regeneration, and normal function.

Joules

The unit of energy delivered during treatment. Optimal therapeutic dose typically ranges from 3–15 joules per cm², depending on the condition being treated.

Nitric Oxide

A signalling molecule released during light therapy that improves blood flow, oxygen delivery, and triggers a cascade of healing mechanisms at the cellular level.

Power Density

Measured in mW/cm², this indicates the intensity of light delivered to tissue. Photizo devices operate at 330–380 mW/cm², delivering an effective therapeutic dose in a short treatment time.

Cytokines

Signalling proteins involved in the inflammatory response. Light therapy helps regulate both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to support the healing process without suppressing it.

Chromophores

Light-sensitive molecules in cells that absorb photons. Cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria is the primary chromophore targeted by red light therapy.

Biphasic Dose Response

The principle that light therapy has an optimal dose window — too little energy has no effect, while too much can inhibit the therapeutic response. Getting the dose right is why treatment time matters.

The Science of Healing Light

Photizo uses LED-based light therapy to deliver specific, pre-programmed doses of red light, stimulating your body's natural healing processes at a cellular level.

Light is absorbed by mitochondria, the powerhouses of your cells. This energises the electron transport chain, boosting the production of ATP, the essential energy currency for all cellular functions, including repair and regeneration.

By providing cells with more energy, Photizo helps reverse cell death processes after injury. It promotes faster cellular regeneration, regulates collagen production to minimise scar tissue, and stimulates the creation of new blood vessels for better nutrient delivery.

Light therapy helps clear inflammation by increasing lymphatic activity. Research shows it can significantly increase lymph vessel diameter, allowing for faster drainage of waste products and proteins that cause swelling and cellular stress.

Photizo helps reduce the excitability of nerve tissue, providing direct pain relief at the treatment site. It also has a systemic effect, promoting an increase in endorphins and serotonin, contributing to a feeling of wellbeing and sustained pain reduction.